The eruption of Taal Volcano in Batangas Province, Philippines on September 28-30, 1965 has brought to the fore the importance of volcanological studies in the Islands. The surveillance of the volcano carried by the Commission on Volcanology prior to the eruption is reviewed and its merits and shortcomings were noted. It is believed that in the light of its known eruptive history, the next two years or so are critical for Taal. An expanded program of surveillance that will include most observation techniques followed in other volcanic countries and incorporating some new methods suggested by the nature of Taal`s eruptions and by experiences gained by the Commission in its 12 years of observation of the volcano is proposed.