One of the most complex problems in geology is the origin of petroleum and formation of petroleum deposits. It is still a mystery despite numerous achievements in the geology of petroleum deposits, physics, in the chemistry and microbiology of oil, despite many experimental studies on the production of oil-like products from various substances, despite manifold researches on the migration of water and oil and of gas and oil, and lastly, despite the maze of hypotheses that seek to trace oil-forming processes.